Click Precision^*

• • Intuitive alternative to mouse and keyboard, or any difficult to learn remote controller


• • Why use a glove?

• • The MSP430 is a mixed-signal microcontroller family from Texas Instruments.


• • Built around a 16-bit CPU, the MSP430 is designed for low cost and, specifically, low power consumption embedded applications


• •  The electric current drawn in idle mode can be less than 1 microamp. 

• • Used for low powered embedded devices


• • The MSP430 does not have an external memory bus, so is limited to on-chip memory (up to 256 KB Flash memory and 16 KB RAM)


• • it has a DMA controller, timer, 10/12/14/16-bit ADCs and many other usual peripherals

• • MSP430F2618ATZQWT-EP


• • MSP430: Standard prefix.


• • F: Indicates a memory type or specialized application.


• • 2 INDICATES The generation of device


• • 6: The model within the generation

• • MSP430F2618ATZQWT-EP
• • 18- One or two digits indicating the amount of memory
• • "A" -An optional suffix indicating an upward-compatible revised version
• • T: Indicates a temperature range of −40°C to +105 °C.
• • ZQW: Indicates the package the part is kept in. "ZQW" is a TI-specific name for a ball grid array.
• • T: Indicates that the parts are shipped in small reel (7-inch) packaging.
• • -EP: Indicates an additional feature. "-Q1" specifies that the part is automotive qualified. "-EP" and "-HT" indicate extended temperature products.

• • The start address varies between 01100h (60k devices) to 0F800h (2k devices) and always runs to the end of the address space at location 0FFFFh.


• • Flash can be used for both code and data. Word or byte tables can also be stored and read by the program from Flash/ROM.


• • All code, tables, and hard-coded constants reside in this memory space.

• • RAM always starts at address 0200h. The end address of RAM depends on the amount of RAM present on the device. RAM is used for both code and data.


• • Some peripheral functions are mapped into memory with special dedicated functions. The Special Function Registers (SFRs) are located at memory addresses from 0000h to 000Fh.


• – Interrupt enables (locations 0000h and 0001h);
• – Interrupt flags (locations 0002h and 0003h);
• – Enable flags (locations 0004h and 0005h);

• • The RISC type architecture of the CPU is based on a short instruction set (27 instructions), interconnected by a 3-stage instruction pipeline for instruction decoding.


• • The CPU has a 16-bit ALU, four dedicated registers and twelve working registers, which makes the MSP430 a high performance microcontroller suitable for low power applications.


• • The addition of twelve working general purpose registers saves CPU cycles by allowing the storage of frequently used values and variables instead of using RAM.

• • Timers


• • Watchdog (WDT)


• • Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)


• • Brown-Out Reset (BOR)


• • Direct Memory Access (DMA) Controller


• • I 2 C (Inter IC)

• • An accelerometer is a device that measures proper acceleration
• • It uses the force of gravity as input vector
• • Its most sensitive to tilt when its sensitive axis is perpendicular to the force of gravity
• • Accelerometer measures all accelerations, except those accelerations due to gravity

• • Resistive


• • Capacitive


• • Fiber Optic


• • Piezoelectric

• Operating Principle

– Voltage output of resistor bridge changes proportionally with applied acceleration

• Operating Principle

– Utilizes frequency modulation technique through varying capacitor bridge

• Operating Principle

– Amount of light gathered by receivers is proportional to applied acceleration

• • Fiber Optic
• – Similar characteristics and applications as resistive and capacitive sensors
• – Additional features
• • Provision for remotely locating electronics
• – High temperature operation to 1000 F (537 C)
• – Cabling is transmitting only light, which consequently eliminates the possibility of RF and EM interference in “noisy” environments

• Operating Principle

– Force on self-generating crystal provides charge output proportional to acceleration

• – Word origin comes from the greek work “piezen” which translates “to squeeze”.
• – The generation of an electrical signal by a dielectric material as it is subjected to a mechanical stress.

• • Piezoelectric Materials
• – Naturally Piezoelectric
• • Rochelle Salt
• – One of first materials used to make sensors
• • Tourmaline
• – Sensitive to hydrostatic pressure
• • Exotic, “Man-Made” Materials
• – Langasite
• – Lithium Niobate
• • Cultured Quartz

• • Engineering – to measure vehicle acceleration
• – Vibration on cars, machines, buildings, process control systems and safety installations
• • Biologically its used for high frequency recordings of bi-axial or tri-axial acceleration (>10 Hz) which allows the discrimination of behavioral patterns while animals are out of sight.
• • In Industries vibration in machines allows the user to monitor machines by comparing it with the previous steady state data and detect these faults before the rotating equipment fails completely

• • ZigBee is a wireless mesh network TECHNOLOGY WHICH PROVIDES low-cost, low-power.
• • Based on an IEEE 802.15.4 standard for personal area networks.
• • Targeted at applications that require a low data rate, long battery life, and secure networking.
• • Has a defined rate of 250 kbit/s.
• • The ZigBee specification is intended to be simpler and less expensive than other WPANs, such as Bluetooth.

• • The name refers to the waggle dance of honey bees WHICH THEY USE to communicate important information to her hive members.
• • ZigBee-style networks began to be conceived around 1998.
• • The IEEE 802.15.4-2003 standard was completed in May 2003.
• • Philips Semiconductors AND ZIGBEE ALLIANCE a major mesh network supporter.

• • The first stack release is now called ZigBee 2004.


• • The second stack release is called ZigBee 2006.


• • now the current stack release, ZigBee 2007.


• • contains two stack profiles, stack profile 1 (simply called ZigBee).


• • stack profile 2 (called ZigBee PRO).

• • Three license-free bands: 2.4-2.4835 GHz, 868-870 MHz and 902-928 MHz.
• • At 2.4 GHZ, there are a total of 16 channels available with a maximum data transfer of 250 kbps.
• • At 915 MHz: 10 channels for a max 40 kbps transfer rate.
• • At 868 MHz: 1 channel for a max 20 kbps transfer rate.
• • Maximum data rates allowed for each of these frequency bands are fixed.
• • Range: 10 to 100m.
• • Low power consumption.
• • Multiple topologies : star, peer-to-peer, mesh topologies.

• • Wireless Sensor Networks
• • Industrial control
• • Embedded sensing
• • Medical data collection
• • Smoke and intruder warning
• • Building automation
• • Home Entertainment and Control

• • both have their distinct spaces in the networking spectrum


• • ZigBee is better for short packet oriented


• • accessible range MORE


• • LOW power consumption

• • Flex Sensor is a unique component that changes resistance when bent or flexed.
• • An un flexed sensor has a nominal resistance of approximately 10,000 ohms (10 K).

• • One-Directional Flex Sensors
• – the smaller the radius of the bent, the higher the resistance value.


• • Two-Directional Bi-Flex Sensors
• – As the flex sensor is bent in either direction the resistance gradually decreases.

• – Collision detection on mobile robots.
• – VR Gloves and VR suits.
• – Automotive controls.
• – Medical devices.
• – Industrial controls.
• – Computer peripherals.
• – Fitness products.
• – Musical instruments.
• – Measuring devices.
• – Virtual reality games.
• – Physical therapy.

• • Idea: IEEE Paper: "A Survey of Glove-based Input"
• – Author: David J. Sturman (Medialab) & David Zeltzer (MIT Research Lab of Electronics)
• – Published: 1994


• • Flex Sensor: http://itp.nyu.edu/physcomp/sensors/Reports/Flex


• • MSP430: Texas Instruments: http://www.ti.com/lit/sg/slab034v/slab034v.pdf